MARMARAY
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Marmaray is a rail transport project that comprises an undersea rail tunnel going 60 m deep under the Bosphorus strait. Construction started in 2004, with an initial target opening date of April 2009, however, the project was delayed four years, largely due to the discovery of a Byzantine-era and other 8,000-year-old archaeological finds on the proposed site of the European tunnel terminal in 2005. The excavations uncovered traces of the city wall of Constantine the Great, and the remains of several ships and has uncovered some of the oldest evidence of settlement in Istanbul, with artifacts, pottery fragments, shells, pieces of bone, horse skulls, and nine human skulls found in a bag, dating back to 6,000 BCE and belonging to Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman periods. After these unexpected delays, the first phase of the project finally opened on October 29, 2013. The project has cost approximately 3 billion US dollars.
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GEZI PARK
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YAVUZ SULTAN SELIM BRIDGE
The Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, initially named the Third Bosphorus Bridge, is a project of controversy to construct a suspension bridge over the Bosphorus, north of two existing bridges in Istanbul, Turkey. The foundation stone laying ceremony was held on May 29, 2013. After the clearing of thousands of trees, construction was halted in July, 2013 when it became apparent that work was being done on the wrong site.
Kartal Masterplan
"Where routes connecting Europe and Asia meet coastal highways, sea terminals and rail links in an abandoned industrial area of Istanbul, the Kartal Pendik masterplan is taking shape – creating a new urban centre based on grid form and utilizing calligraphic notions of topography to create truly responsive structures and spaces." - Zaha Hadid Architects